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<rss xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:ppg="http://bbc.co.uk/2009/01/ppgRss" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0"><channel><title>In Our Time Archive: History</title><link>http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl</link><description>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the people, conflicts and events that have shaped the world.</description><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the people, conflicts and events that have shaped the world.</itunes:summary><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><itunes:owner><itunes:name>BBC</itunes:name><itunes:email>podcast.support@bbc.co.uk</itunes:email></itunes:owner><language>en-gb</language><ppg:systemRef systemId="pid.brand" key="b006qykl" /><ppg:systemRef systemId="pid.format" key="PT004" /><ppg:systemRef systemId="pid.genre" key="C00060" /><ppg:systemRef systemId="pid.genre" key="C00190" /><ppg:systemRef systemId="pid.genre" key="C00045" /><ppg:network id="radio4" name="BBC Radio 4" /><ppg:network id="archive" name="BBC Collections" /><ppg:link secondary="secondary" url="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotc" /><ppg:link secondary="secondary" url="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotp" /><ppg:link secondary="secondary" url="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iotr" /><ppg:link secondary="secondary" url="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iots" /><ppg:seriesDetails typicalDuration="PT42M" active="true" public="true" region="all" launchDate="2011-05-31" frequency="occasionally" daysLive="-1" liveItems="131" /><image><url>http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/assets/artwork/ioth.jpg</url><title>In Our Time Archive: History</title><link>http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl</link></image><itunes:image href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/assets/artwork/ioth.jpg" /><copyright>(C) BBC 2012</copyright><pubDate>Thu, 31 May 2012 17:38:58 +0100</pubDate><itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture" /><itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture"><itunes:category text="History" /></itunes:category><itunes:keywords>Melvin, brag, history, science, philosophy, culture, BBC, radio 4, ideas, thought</itunes:keywords><media:keywords>Melvin, brag, history, science, philosophy, culture, BBC, radio 4, ideas, thought</media:keywords><itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit><media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating><atom:link href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/rss.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><item><title>IOTH: The Minoans</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ancient civilisation of the Minoans. The Minoans flourished for around two thousand years, long before Ancient Greek civilisation had begun.  The most famous Minoan site is the Palace of Knossos on Crete which was famously excavated by Arthur Evans in 1900 and controversially reconstructed by him. But what do we really know about the Minoans and why did they eventually disappear?  Melvyn is joined by John Bennet, Professor of Aegean Archaeology at Sheffield University; Ellen Adams, Lecturer in Classical Art &amp; Archaeology at King’s College London; and Yannis Hamilakis, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ancient civilisation of the Minoans. The Minoans flourished for around two thousand years, long before Ancient Greek civilisation had begun. The most famous Minoan site is the Palace of Knossos on Crete which was...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ancient civilisation of the Minoans. The Minoans flourished for around two thousand years, long before Ancient Greek civilisation had begun.  The most famous Minoan site is the Palace of Knossos on Crete which was famously excavated by Arthur Evans in 1900 and controversially reconstructed by him. But what do we really know about the Minoans and why did they eventually disappear?  Melvyn is joined by John Bennet, Professor of Aegean Archaeology at Sheffield University; Ellen Adams, Lecturer in Classical Art &amp; Archaeology at King’s College London; and Yannis Hamilakis, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2011 10:38:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:01</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110707-1038c.mp3" length="20237644" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110707-1038.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110707-1038c.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110707-1038c.mp3" fileSize="20237644" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2521" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Battle of Stamford Bridge</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Stamford Bridge. In the first week of 1066 the English king, Edward the Confessor, died. A young nobleman, Harold Godwinson, claimed that Edward had nominated him his successor, and seized the throne. But he was not the only claimant: in France the powerful Duke of Normandy, William, believed that he was the rightful king, and prepared to invade England.&#xD;
As William amassed his forces on the other side of the Channel, however, an army led by the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded from the North Sea. Harold quickly marched north and confronted the Norsemen, whose leaders included his own brother Tostig. The English won an emphatic victory; but barely three weeks later Harold was dead, killed at Hastings, and the Norman Conquest had begun.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Stamford Bridge. In the first week of 1066 the English king, Edward the Confessor, died. A young nobleman, Harold Godwinson, claimed that Edward had nominated him his successor, and seized the throne....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Stamford Bridge. In the first week of 1066 the English king, Edward the Confessor, died. A young nobleman, Harold Godwinson, claimed that Edward had nominated him his successor, and seized the throne. But he was not the only claimant: in France the powerful Duke of Normandy, William, believed that he was the rightful king, and prepared to invade England.&#xD;
As William amassed his forces on the other side of the Channel, however, an army led by the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded from the North Sea. Harold quickly marched north and confronted the Norsemen, whose leaders included his own brother Tostig. The English won an emphatic victory; but barely three weeks later Harold was dead, killed at Hastings, and the Norman Conquest had begun.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jun 2011 10:15:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:00</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110602-1015b.mp3" length="20229724" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110602-1015.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110602-1015b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110602-1015b.mp3" fileSize="20229724" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2520" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Xenophon</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Xenophon.&#xD;
With Paul Cartledge, Edith Hall and Simon Goldhill.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Xenophon.&#xD;
With Paul Cartledge, Edith Hall and Simon Goldhill....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Xenophon.&#xD;
With Paul Cartledge, Edith Hall and Simon Goldhill.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2011 10:07:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110526-1007c.mp3" length="20297678" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110526-1007.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110526-1007c.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110526-1007c.mp3" fileSize="20297678" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2529" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Custer's Last Stand</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 May 2011 10:30:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110519-1030b.mp3" length="20277175" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110519-1030.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110519-1030b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110519-1030b.mp3" fileSize="20277175" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Octavia Hill</title><description>From the 1850s until her death in 1912, Octavia Hill was an energetic campaigner who did much to improve the lot of impoverished city dwellers. She was a pioneer of social housing who believed there were better and more humane ways of arranging accommodation for the poor than through the state. Aided at first by her friend John Ruskin, the essayist and art critic, she bought houses and let them to the urban dispossessed.&#xD;
Octavia Hill provided an early model of social work, did much to preserve urban open spaces. She was also one of the founders of the National Trust. Yet her vision of social reform, involving volunteers and private enterprise rather than central government, was often at odds with that of her contemporaries.&#xD;
&#xD;
With: Dinah Birch, Professor of English Literature and Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research at Liverpool University; Lawrence Goldman,  Fellow in Modern History at St Peter's College, Oxford; and Gillian Darley,&#xD;
Historian and biographer of Octavia Hill</description><itunes:subtitle>From the 1850s until her death in 1912, Octavia Hill was an energetic campaigner who did much to improve the lot of impoverished city dwellers. She was a pioneer of social housing who believed there were better and more humane ways of arranging...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>From the 1850s until her death in 1912, Octavia Hill was an energetic campaigner who did much to improve the lot of impoverished city dwellers. She was a pioneer of social housing who believed there were better and more humane ways of arranging accommodation for the poor than through the state. Aided at first by her friend John Ruskin, the essayist and art critic, she bought houses and let them to the urban dispossessed.&#xD;
Octavia Hill provided an early model of social work, did much to preserve urban open spaces. She was also one of the founders of the National Trust. Yet her vision of social reform, involving volunteers and private enterprise rather than central government, was often at odds with that of her contemporaries.&#xD;
&#xD;
With: Dinah Birch, Professor of English Literature and Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research at Liverpool University; Lawrence Goldman,  Fellow in Modern History at St Peter's College, Oxford; and Gillian Darley,&#xD;
Historian and biographer of Octavia Hill</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 07 Apr 2011 10:30:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:23</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110407-1030b.mp3" length="20413557" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110407-1030.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110407-1030b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110407-1030b.mp3" fileSize="20413557" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2543" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Dawn of the Iron Age</title><description>In around 3000 BC European metalworkers started to make tools and weapons out of bronze. A complex trading network evolved to convey this valuable metal and other goods around the continent. But two millennia later, a new skill arrived from the Middle East: iron smelting. This harder, more versatile metal represented a huge technological breakthrough.&#xD;
&#xD;
The arrival of the European Iron Age, in around 1000 BC, was a time of huge social as well as technological change. New civilisations arose, the landscape was transformed, and societies developed new cultures and lifestyles. Whether this was the direct result of the arrival of iron is one of the most intriguing questions in archaeology.&#xD;
&#xD;
With: Sir Barry Cunliffe, Emeritus Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford; Sue Hamilton, Professor of Prehistory at University College London; Timothy Champion, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton&#xD;
&#xD;
Producer: Thomas Morris.</description><itunes:subtitle>In around 3000 BC European metalworkers started to make tools and weapons out of bronze. A complex trading network evolved to convey this valuable metal and other goods around the continent. But two millennia later, a new skill arrived from the Middle...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>In around 3000 BC European metalworkers started to make tools and weapons out of bronze. A complex trading network evolved to convey this valuable metal and other goods around the continent. But two millennia later, a new skill arrived from the Middle East: iron smelting. This harder, more versatile metal represented a huge technological breakthrough.&#xD;
&#xD;
The arrival of the European Iron Age, in around 1000 BC, was a time of huge social as well as technological change. New civilisations arose, the landscape was transformed, and societies developed new cultures and lifestyles. Whether this was the direct result of the arrival of iron is one of the most intriguing questions in archaeology.&#xD;
&#xD;
With: Sir Barry Cunliffe, Emeritus Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford; Sue Hamilton, Professor of Prehistory at University College London; Timothy Champion, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton&#xD;
&#xD;
Producer: Thomas Morris.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 24 Mar 2011 10:45:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:56</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110324-1045b.mp3" length="20197218" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110324-1045.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110324-1045b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110324-1045b.mp3" fileSize="20197218" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2516" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Taiping Rebellion</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Taiping Rebellion, the momentous 19th century Chinese revolt led by a disillusioned young man who imagined himself the brother of Jesus Christ, come to save his Chinese brothers and sisters from the clutches of the Imperial Qing dynasty.  Almost fourteen years later with over twenty million people dead, the Taiping Rebellion was quashed. But what did the rebels truly believe in and what did it achieve?  Melvyn is joined by Rana Mitter, Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China at the University of Oxford; Frances Wood, Head of the Chinese Section at the British Library; and Julia Lovell, Lecturer in Chinese History at Birkbeck, University of London.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Taiping Rebellion, the momentous 19th century Chinese revolt led by a disillusioned young man who imagined himself the brother of Jesus Christ, come to save his Chinese brothers and sisters from the clutches of the...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Taiping Rebellion, the momentous 19th century Chinese revolt led by a disillusioned young man who imagined himself the brother of Jesus Christ, come to save his Chinese brothers and sisters from the clutches of the Imperial Qing dynasty.  Almost fourteen years later with over twenty million people dead, the Taiping Rebellion was quashed. But what did the rebels truly believe in and what did it achieve?  Melvyn is joined by Rana Mitter, Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China at the University of Oxford; Frances Wood, Head of the Chinese Section at the British Library; and Julia Lovell, Lecturer in Chinese History at Birkbeck, University of London.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 24 Feb 2011 07:40:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:58</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110224-0740b.mp3" length="20215928" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110224-0740.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110224-0740b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110224-0740b.mp3" fileSize="20215928" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2518" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Battle of Bannockburn</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Battle of Bannockburn of 1314. The culmination of a war of independence which had rumbled on for eighteen years, it paved the way for the restoration of full Scottish independence.  Melvyn is joined by Matthew Strickland, Professor of Medieval History at the University of Glasgow; Fiona Watson, Honorary Research Fellow in History at the University of Dundee; and Michael Brown, Reader in History at the University of St Andrews.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Battle of Bannockburn of 1314. The culmination of a war of independence which had rumbled on for eighteen years, it paved the way for the restoration of full Scottish independence. Melvyn is joined by Matthew...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Battle of Bannockburn of 1314. The culmination of a war of independence which had rumbled on for eighteen years, it paved the way for the restoration of full Scottish independence.  Melvyn is joined by Matthew Strickland, Professor of Medieval History at the University of Glasgow; Fiona Watson, Honorary Research Fellow in History at the University of Dundee; and Michael Brown, Reader in History at the University of St Andrews.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Wed, 02 Feb 2011 17:28:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:05</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110202-1728b.mp3" length="20269697" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110202-1728.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110202-1728b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110202-1728b.mp3" fileSize="20269697" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2525" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Mexican Revolution</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The revolution last for the next ten years and included the radical peasants’ revolt of Zapata in the south, the warlord banditry of Villa in the north, and a succession of presidents who often tried to put in place remarkably modern constitutions, but usually failed. But was the revolution ultimately successful and how did it actually change things for the people?  Melvyn is joined by Alan Knight, Professor of the History of Latin America at the University of Oxford; Paul Garner, Cowdray Professor of Spanish at the University of Leeds; and Patience Schell, Senior Lecturer in Latin American Cultural Studies at the University of Manchester.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The revolution last for the next ten years and included the radical peasants’ revolt of Zapata in the south, the warlord banditry of Villa in the north, and a succession of presidents who...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The revolution last for the next ten years and included the radical peasants’ revolt of Zapata in the south, the warlord banditry of Villa in the north, and a succession of presidents who often tried to put in place remarkably modern constitutions, but usually failed. But was the revolution ultimately successful and how did it actually change things for the people?  Melvyn is joined by Alan Knight, Professor of the History of Latin America at the University of Oxford; Paul Garner, Cowdray Professor of Spanish at the University of Leeds; and Patience Schell, Senior Lecturer in Latin American Cultural Studies at the University of Manchester.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2011 11:14:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110120-1114b.mp3" length="20277164" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110120-1114.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110120-1114b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20110120-1114b.mp3" fileSize="20277164" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Industrial Revolution Part II</title><description>In the second part of this two-part series on The Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the consequences of the revolution and how the economy, social structures, housing, education and public health were all affected. Melvyn is joined by Jane Humphries, Professor of Economic History and Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Emma Griffin, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia; and Lawrence Goldman, Fellow and Tutor in History at St. Peter’s College, Oxford.</description><itunes:subtitle>In the second part of this two-part series on The Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the consequences of the revolution and how the economy, social structures, housing, education and public health were all affected. Melvyn is...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>In the second part of this two-part series on The Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the consequences of the revolution and how the economy, social structures, housing, education and public health were all affected. Melvyn is joined by Jane Humphries, Professor of Economic History and Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Emma Griffin, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia; and Lawrence Goldman, Fellow and Tutor in History at St. Peter’s College, Oxford.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 2010 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101230-1100c.mp3" length="20358614" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101230-1100.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101230-1100c.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101230-1100c.mp3" fileSize="20358614" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Industrial Revolution: Part I</title><description>In the first of two programmes concentrating on the Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss what caused the Industrial Revolution and examine the reasons for why it happened in Britain; as well as highlighting some of the men who invented the machinery which changed the world forever. Melvyn is joined by Jeremy Black, Professor of History at the University of Exeter; Pat Hudson, Professor Emerita of History at Cardiff University; and William Ashworth, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Liverpool.</description><itunes:subtitle>In the first of two programmes concentrating on the Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss what caused the Industrial Revolution and examine the reasons for why it happened in Britain; as well as highlighting some of the men who...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>In the first of two programmes concentrating on the Industrial Revolution, Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss what caused the Industrial Revolution and examine the reasons for why it happened in Britain; as well as highlighting some of the men who invented the machinery which changed the world forever. Melvyn is joined by Jeremy Black, Professor of History at the University of Exeter; Pat Hudson, Professor Emerita of History at Cardiff University; and William Ashworth, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Liverpool.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 17:09:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101222-1709b.mp3" length="20354326" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101222-1709.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101222-1709b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20101222-1709b.mp3" fileSize="20354326" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Cleopatra</title><description>Melvyn Bragg explores the life of the last Egyptian pharaoh, Queen Cleopatra. Famous for her beauty, wit and passionate love affairs with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, she is also famous for her death, by her own hand by a poisonous snake bite. Melvyn is joined by Catharine Edwards, Professor of Classics and Ancient History at Birkbeck, University of London; Maria Wyke, Professor of Latin at University College London; and Susan Walker, Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum at the University of Oxford.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg explores the life of the last Egyptian pharaoh, Queen Cleopatra. Famous for her beauty, wit and passionate love affairs with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, she is also famous for her death, by her own hand by a poisonous snake bite....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg explores the life of the last Egyptian pharaoh, Queen Cleopatra. Famous for her beauty, wit and passionate love affairs with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, she is also famous for her death, by her own hand by a poisonous snake bite. Melvyn is joined by Catharine Edwards, Professor of Classics and Ancient History at Birkbeck, University of London; Maria Wyke, Professor of Latin at University College London; and Susan Walker, Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum at the University of Oxford.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 02 Dec 2010 11:12:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101202-1112a.mp3" length="20275270" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101202-1112.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101202-1112a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101202-1112a.mp3" fileSize="20275270" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Volga Vikings</title><description>Melvyn Bragg delves into the 8th century and the world of the Viking traders who voyaged as far as Baghdad to swap slaves for silver. So who were these Scandinavians who ended up laying the foundations of Russia? Melvyn is joined by James Montgomery, Professor of Classical Arabic at the University of Cambridge; Neil Price, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen; and Elizabeth Rowe, Lecturer in Scandinavian History of the Viking Age at Clare Hall, University of Cambridge.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg delves into the 8th century and the world of the Viking traders who voyaged as far as Baghdad to swap slaves for silver. So who were these Scandinavians who ended up laying the foundations of Russia? Melvyn is joined by James Montgomery,...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg delves into the 8th century and the world of the Viking traders who voyaged as far as Baghdad to swap slaves for silver. So who were these Scandinavians who ended up laying the foundations of Russia? Melvyn is joined by James Montgomery, Professor of Classical Arabic at the University of Cambridge; Neil Price, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen; and Elizabeth Rowe, Lecturer in Scandinavian History of the Viking Age at Clare Hall, University of Cambridge.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Nov 2010 11:08:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:03</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101111-1108a.mp3" length="20250535" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101111-1108.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101111-1108a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101111-1108a.mp3" fileSize="20250535" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2523" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Spanish Armada</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Spanish Armada, the fleet that came to invade England in 1588 but after a brief battle was resoundly defeated. This tale of religious dispute, shifting political alliance and naval supremacy has entered our folklore – although some historians argue it changed nothing.  Melvyn is joined by Diane Purkiss, Fellow and Tutor at Keble College, Oxford; Mia Rodriguez-Salgado, Professor in International History at the London School of Economics; and Nicholas Rodger, Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College at the University of Oxford.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Spanish Armada, the fleet that came to invade England in 1588 but after a brief battle was resoundly defeated. This tale of religious dispute, shifting political alliance and naval supremacy has entered our folklore...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Spanish Armada, the fleet that came to invade England in 1588 but after a brief battle was resoundly defeated. This tale of religious dispute, shifting political alliance and naval supremacy has entered our folklore – although some historians argue it changed nothing.  Melvyn is joined by Diane Purkiss, Fellow and Tutor at Keble College, Oxford; Mia Rodriguez-Salgado, Professor in International History at the London School of Economics; and Nicholas Rodger, Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College at the University of Oxford.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2010 12:14:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101007-1214a.mp3" length="20278201" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101007-1214.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101007-1214a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20101007-1214a.mp3" fileSize="20278201" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Delphic Oracle</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Delphic Oracle. Between the 8th century BC and the 4th century AD, travellers flocked to Delphi to consult the Delphic Oracle, the most celebrated source of prophesies in ancient Greece. Melvyn is joined by Paul Cartledge, A G Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at Cambridge University; Edith Hall, Professor of Classics and Drama at Royal Holloway, University of London; and Nick Lowe, Reader in Classical Literature at Royal Holloway, University of London.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Delphic Oracle. Between the 8th century BC and the 4th century AD, travellers flocked to Delphi to consult the Delphic Oracle, the most celebrated source of prophesies in ancient Greece. Melvyn is joined by Paul...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Delphic Oracle. Between the 8th century BC and the 4th century AD, travellers flocked to Delphi to consult the Delphic Oracle, the most celebrated source of prophesies in ancient Greece. Melvyn is joined by Paul Cartledge, A G Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at Cambridge University; Edith Hall, Professor of Classics and Drama at Royal Holloway, University of London; and Nick Lowe, Reader in Classical Literature at Royal Holloway, University of London.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Sep 2010 10:29:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:05</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20100930-1029a.mp3" length="20268743" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20100930-1029.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20100930-1029a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/iot/iot_20100930-1029a.mp3" fileSize="20268743" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2525" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Athelstan</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of Athelstan, the first king of all England. With Sarah Foot, John Hines and Richard Gameson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of Athelstan, the first king of all England. With Sarah Foot, John Hines and Richard Gameson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of Athelstan, the first king of all England. With Sarah Foot, John Hines and Richard Gameson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2010 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100701-0900a.mp3" length="20276024" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100701-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100701-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100701-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20276024" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2527" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Neanderthals</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the evolution and characteristics of the Neanderthals. Guests include Danielle Schreve, Chris Stringer and Simon Conway Morris.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the evolution and characteristics of the Neanderthals. Guests include Danielle Schreve, Chris Stringer and Simon Conway Morris....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the evolution and characteristics of the Neanderthals. Guests include Danielle Schreve, Chris Stringer and Simon Conway Morris.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 17 Jun 2010 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100617-0900a.mp3" length="20326675" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100617-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100617-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100617-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20326675" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2533" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Great Wall of China</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss The Great Wall of China. With Rana Mitter, Frances Wood and Julia Lovell.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss The Great Wall of China. With Rana Mitter, Frances Wood and Julia Lovell....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss The Great Wall of China. With Rana Mitter, Frances Wood and Julia Lovell.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2010 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:52</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100429-0900a.mp3" length="20158177" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100429-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100429-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100429-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20158177" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2512" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Zulu Nation's Rise and Fall</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise and fall of the Zulu Nation. With guests Saul David, Saul Dubow and Shula Marks.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise and fall of the Zulu Nation. With guests Saul David, Saul Dubow and Shula Marks....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise and fall of the Zulu Nation. With guests Saul David, Saul Dubow and Shula Marks.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100415-0900a.mp3" length="20296159" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100415-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100415-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100415-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20296159" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2529" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The City Part Two</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history of the city. Guests include Peter Hall, Tristram Hunt and Ricky Burdett.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history of the city. Guests include Peter Hall, Tristram Hunt and Ricky Burdett....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history of the city. Guests include Peter Hall, Tristram Hunt and Ricky Burdett.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:14</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100401-0900a.mp3" length="20333324" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100401-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100401-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100401-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20333324" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2534" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The City Part One</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise of the city, from its Bronze Age origins to 1800. With Peter Hall, Julia Merritt and Greg Woolf.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise of the city, from its Bronze Age origins to 1800. With Peter Hall, Julia Merritt and Greg Woolf....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise of the city, from its Bronze Age origins to 1800. With Peter Hall, Julia Merritt and Greg Woolf.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100325-0900a.mp3" length="20337151" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100325-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100325-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100325-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20337151" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2535" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Boudica</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and mythologisation of Boudica. Guests include Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Richard Hingley and Juliette Wood.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and mythologisation of Boudica. Guests include Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Richard Hingley and Juliette Wood....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and mythologisation of Boudica. Guests include Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Richard Hingley and Juliette Wood.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:08</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100311-0900a.mp3" length="20284718" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100311-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100311-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100311-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20284718" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2528" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Indian Mutiny</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and the rebellion which followed. Guests include Shruti Kapila, Faisal Devji and Chandrika Kaul.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and the rebellion which followed. Guests include Shruti Kapila, Faisal Devji and Chandrika Kaul....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and the rebellion which followed. Guests include Shruti Kapila, Faisal Devji and Chandrika Kaul.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 Feb 2010 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:17</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100218-0900a.mp3" length="20360569" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100218-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100218-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100218-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20360569" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2537" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Glencoe Massacre</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Glencoe Massacre of 1692. Guests include Murray Pittock, Karin Bowie and Daniel Szechi.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Glencoe Massacre of 1692. Guests include Murray Pittock, Karin Bowie and Daniel Szechi....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Glencoe Massacre of 1692. Guests include Murray Pittock, Karin Bowie and Daniel Szechi.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 21 Jan 2010 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:08</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100121-0900a.mp3" length="20288520" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100121-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100121-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20100121-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20288520" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2528" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Samurai</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and myth of the Samurai. Guests include Angus Lockyer, Nicola Liscutin and Gregory Irvine.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and myth of the Samurai. Guests include Angus Lockyer, Nicola Liscutin and Gregory Irvine....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and myth of the Samurai. Guests include Angus Lockyer, Nicola Liscutin and Gregory Irvine.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:05</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091224-0900a.mp3" length="20263257" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091224-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091224-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091224-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20263257" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2525" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Silk Road</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Silk Road, the trade routes which spanned Asia. Guests include Frances Wood, Tim Barrett and Naomi Standen.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Silk Road, the trade routes which spanned Asia. Guests include Frances Wood, Tim Barrett and Naomi Standen....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Silk Road, the trade routes which spanned Asia. Guests include Frances Wood, Tim Barrett and Naomi Standen.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091203-0900a.mp3" length="20342361" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091203-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091203-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091203-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20342361" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2535" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Sparta</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. With Paul Cartledge, Angie Hobbs and Edith Hall.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. With Paul Cartledge, Angie Hobbs and Edith Hall....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. With Paul Cartledge, Angie Hobbs and Edith Hall.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:14</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091119-0900a.mp3" length="20334890" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091119-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091119-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091119-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20334890" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2534" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Siege of Munster</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Siege of Munster in 1534-35. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Charlotte Methuen and Lucy Wooding.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Siege of Munster in 1534-35. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Charlotte Methuen and Lucy Wooding....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Siege of Munster in 1534-35. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Charlotte Methuen and Lucy Wooding.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:54</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091105-0900a.mp3" length="20171912" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091105-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091105-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091105-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20171912" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2514" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Death of Elizabeth I</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the death of Queen Elizabeth I. With John Guy, Helen Hackett and Clare Jackson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the death of Queen Elizabeth I. With John Guy, Helen Hackett and Clare Jackson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the death of Queen Elizabeth I. With John Guy, Helen Hackett and Clare Jackson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091015-0900a.mp3" length="19815467" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091015-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091015-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091015-0900a.mp3" fileSize="19815467" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2469" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Dreyfus Affair</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Dreyfus Affair, which tore France apart in the 1890s. With Robert Gildea, Robert Tombs and Ruth Harris.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Dreyfus Affair, which tore France apart in the 1890s. With Robert Gildea, Robert Tombs and Ruth Harris....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Dreyfus Affair, which tore France apart in the 1890s. With Robert Gildea, Robert Tombs and Ruth Harris.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091008-0900a.mp3" length="20387108" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091008-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091008-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091008-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20387108" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2541" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Akhenaten</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Guests include Kate Spence, Richard Parkinson and Elizabeth Frood.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Guests include Kate Spence, Richard Parkinson and Elizabeth Frood....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Guests include Kate Spence, Richard Parkinson and Elizabeth Frood.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:12</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091001-0900a.mp3" length="20315686" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091001-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091001-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20091001-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20315686" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2532" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Augustan Age</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Augustan Age in Rome. Guests include Catharine Edwards, Mary Beard and Duncan Kennedy.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Augustan Age in Rome. Guests include Catharine Edwards, Mary Beard and Duncan Kennedy....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Augustan Age in Rome. Guests include Catharine Edwards, Mary Beard and Duncan Kennedy.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090611-0900a.mp3" length="20370711" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090611-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090611-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090611-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20370711" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2539" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Trial of Charles I</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the trial of Charles I. Guests include Justin Champion, Diane Purkiss and David Wootton.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the trial of Charles I. Guests include Justin Champion, Diane Purkiss and David Wootton....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the trial of Charles I. Guests include Justin Champion, Diane Purkiss and David Wootton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:59</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090604-0900a.mp3" length="20212346" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090604-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090604-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090604-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20212346" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2519" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Siege of Vienna</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 1683 siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Army. With Jeremy Black, Andrew Wheatcroft and Claire Norton.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 1683 siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Army. With Jeremy Black, Andrew Wheatcroft and Claire Norton....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 1683 siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Army. With Jeremy Black, Andrew Wheatcroft and Claire Norton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:57</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090514-0900a.mp3" length="20198590" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090514-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090514-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090514-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20198590" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2517" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Magna Carta</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Magna Carta. With Nicholas Vincent, David Carpenter and Michael Clanchy.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Magna Carta. With Nicholas Vincent, David Carpenter and Michael Clanchy....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Magna Carta. With Nicholas Vincent, David Carpenter and Michael Clanchy.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:04</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090507-0900a.mp3" length="20254837" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090507-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090507-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090507-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20254837" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2524" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Building of St Petersburg</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the building of St Petersburg. Guests include Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Anthony Cross.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the building of St Petersburg. Guests include Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Anthony Cross....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the building of St Petersburg. Guests include Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Anthony Cross.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090423-0900a.mp3" length="20348404" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090423-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090423-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090423-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20348404" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Suffragism</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss suffragism, the movement for women's voting rights. With Krista Cowman, June Purvis and Julia Bush.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss suffragism, the movement for women's voting rights. With Krista Cowman, June Purvis and Julia Bush....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss suffragism, the movement for women's voting rights. With Krista Cowman, June Purvis and Julia Bush.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:40</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090416-0900a.mp3" length="20060023" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090416-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090416-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090416-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20060023" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2500" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Boxer Rebellion</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Boxer Rebellion in the summer of 1900. With Frances Wood, Rana Mitter and Gary Tiedemann.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Boxer Rebellion in the summer of 1900. With Frances Wood, Rana Mitter and Gary Tiedemann....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Boxer Rebellion in the summer of 1900. With Frances Wood, Rana Mitter and Gary Tiedemann.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090319-0900a.mp3" length="20370714" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090319-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090319-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090319-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20370714" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2539" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Library of Alexandria</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Library of Alexandria. Guests include Simon Goldhill, Matthew Nicholls and Serafina Cuomo.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Library of Alexandria. Guests include Simon Goldhill, Matthew Nicholls and Serafina Cuomo....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Library of Alexandria. Guests include Simon Goldhill, Matthew Nicholls and Serafina Cuomo.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:05</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090312-0900a.mp3" length="20259714" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090312-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090312-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090312-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20259714" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2525" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Carthage's Destruction</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Destruction of Carthage. Guests include Mary Beard, Jo Quinn and Ellen O’Gorman.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Destruction of Carthage. Guests include Mary Beard, Jo Quinn and Ellen O’Gorman....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Destruction of Carthage. Guests include Mary Beard, Jo Quinn and Ellen O’Gorman.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090212-0900a.mp3" length="20304612" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090212-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090212-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090212-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20304612" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2530" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: History of History</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines how the writing of history has changed over the years. Guests include Miri Rubin, John Burrow and Paul Cartledge.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines how the writing of history has changed over the years. Guests include Miri Rubin, John Burrow and Paul Cartledge....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines how the writing of history has changed over the years. Guests include Miri Rubin, John Burrow and Paul Cartledge.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:17</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090122-0900a.mp3" length="20353547" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090122-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090122-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20090122-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20353547" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2537" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Great Reform Act</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Reform Act of 1832. With Dinah Birch, Michael Bentley and Catherine Hall.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Reform Act of 1832. With Dinah Birch, Michael Bentley and Catherine Hall....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Reform Act of 1832. With Dinah Birch, Michael Bentley and Catherine Hall.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 27 Nov 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081127-0900a.mp3" length="20373243" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081127-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081127-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081127-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20373243" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2539" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Great Fire of London</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Fire of London and the rebuilding of the city. With Lisa Jardine, Jonathan Sawday and Vanessa Harding.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Fire of London and the rebuilding of the city. With Lisa Jardine, Jonathan Sawday and Vanessa Harding....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Great Fire of London and the rebuilding of the city. With Lisa Jardine, Jonathan Sawday and Vanessa Harding.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081111-0900a.mp3" length="20278629" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081111-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081111-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081111-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20278629" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2527" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Bolivar</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Simon Bolivar, the liberator of South America. Guests include Anthony McFarlane, Catherine Davies and John Fisher.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Simon Bolivar, the liberator of South America. Guests include Anthony McFarlane, Catherine Davies and John Fisher....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Simon Bolivar, the liberator of South America. Guests include Anthony McFarlane, Catherine Davies and John Fisher.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081030-0900a.mp3" length="20312614" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081030-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081030-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20081030-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20312614" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2531" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Tacitus and the Decadence of Rome</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the life and chronicles of the the Roman historian Tacitus. With guests Catharine Edwards, Maria Wyke and Ellen O’Gorman.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the life and chronicles of the the Roman historian Tacitus. With guests Catharine Edwards, Maria Wyke and Ellen O’Gorman....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the life and chronicles of the the Roman historian Tacitus. With guests Catharine Edwards, Maria Wyke and Ellen O’Gorman.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:48</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080710-0900a.mp3" length="20126170" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080710-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080710-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080710-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20126170" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2508" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Arab Conquests</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Arab conquests which helped communicate Islam to the world. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Robert Hoyland and Amira Bennison.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Arab conquests which helped communicate Islam to the world. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Robert Hoyland and Amira Bennison....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Arab conquests which helped communicate Islam to the world. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Robert Hoyland and Amira Bennison.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2008 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:52</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080626-0900a.mp3" length="20154519" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080626-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080626-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080626-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20154519" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2512" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Black Death</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine the Black Death and its effect on medieval society. Guests include Miri Rubin, Paul Binski and Samuel Kline Cohn Jnr.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine the Black Death and its effect on medieval society. Guests include Miri Rubin, Paul Binski and Samuel Kline Cohn Jnr....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine the Black Death and its effect on medieval society. Guests include Miri Rubin, Paul Binski and Samuel Kline Cohn Jnr.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080522-0900a.mp3" length="20306788" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080522-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080522-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080522-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20306788" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2531" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Enclosures of the 18th Century</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the enclosure movement that fenced in the British countryside. Guests include Murray Pittock, Rosemary Sweet and Mark Overton.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the enclosure movement that fenced in the British countryside. Guests include Murray Pittock, Rosemary Sweet and Mark Overton....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the enclosure movement that fenced in the British countryside. Guests include Murray Pittock, Rosemary Sweet and Mark Overton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2008 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:20</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080501-0900a.mp3" length="20380142" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080501-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080501-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080501-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20380142" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2540" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Norman Yoke</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss ‘the Norman Yoke'. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and Matthew Strickland.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss ‘the Norman Yoke'. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and Matthew Strickland....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss ‘the Norman Yoke'. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and Matthew Strickland.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2008 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080410-0900a.mp3" length="20280564" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080410-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080410-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080410-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20280564" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2527" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Dissolution of the Monasteries</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines Henry VIII's policy of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, George Bernard and Diane Purkiss.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines Henry VIII's policy of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, George Bernard and Diane Purkiss....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines Henry VIII's policy of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, George Bernard and Diane Purkiss.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080327-0900a.mp3" length="20369874" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080327-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080327-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080327-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20369874" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2539" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Statue of Liberty</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Statue of Liberty. Guests include John Keane, Kathleen Burk and Robert Gildea.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Statue of Liberty. Guests include John Keane, Kathleen Burk and Robert Gildea....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Statue of Liberty. Guests include John Keane, Kathleen Burk and Robert Gildea.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:59</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080214-0900a.mp3" length="20215563" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080214-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080214-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080214-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20215563" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2519" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Rudolph II</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Rudolph II and his Renaissance Court in Prague. Guests include Peter Forshaw, Howard Hotson and Adam Mosley.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Rudolph II and his Renaissance Court in Prague. Guests include Peter Forshaw, Howard Hotson and Adam Mosley....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Rudolph II and his Renaissance Court in Prague. Guests include Peter Forshaw, Howard Hotson and Adam Mosley.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080131-0900a.mp3" length="20352527" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080131-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080131-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080131-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20352527" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Charge of the Light Brigade</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Charge of the Light Brigade. Guests include Saul David, Trudi Tate and Mike Broers.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Charge of the Light Brigade. Guests include Saul David, Trudi Tate and Mike Broers....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Charge of the Light Brigade. Guests include Saul David, Trudi Tate and Mike Broers.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2008 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:02</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080110-0900a.mp3" length="20238891" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080110-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080110-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20080110-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20238891" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2522" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Sassanid Empire</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses the Sassanian Empire in Persia from the 3rd to the 7th century AD. Guests include Hugh Kennedy, James Howard-Johnston and Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses the Sassanian Empire in Persia from the 3rd to the 7th century AD. Guests include Hugh Kennedy, James Howard-Johnston and Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses the Sassanian Empire in Persia from the 3rd to the 7th century AD. Guests include Hugh Kennedy, James Howard-Johnston and Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 13 Dec 2007 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:54</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071213-0900a.mp3" length="20170865" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071213-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071213-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071213-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20170865" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2514" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Divine Right of Kings</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses the idea that kingly authority derives from God. With Justin Champion, Tom Healy and Clare Jackson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses the idea that kingly authority derives from God. With Justin Champion, Tom Healy and Clare Jackson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses the idea that kingly authority derives from God. With Justin Champion, Tom Healy and Clare Jackson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Oct 2007 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:36</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071011-0900a.mp3" length="20029912" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071011-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071011-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20071011-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20029912" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2496" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Pilgrim Fathers</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses what the Pilgrim Fathers and the Mayflower mean to Americans. With Kathleen Burk, Tim Lockley and Harry Bennett.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses what the Pilgrim Fathers and the Mayflower mean to Americans. With Kathleen Burk, Tim Lockley and Harry Bennett....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses what the Pilgrim Fathers and the Mayflower mean to Americans. With Kathleen Burk, Tim Lockley and Harry Bennett.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Jul 2007 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070705-0900a.mp3" length="20301318" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070705-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070705-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070705-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20301318" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2530" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Siege of Orléans</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses Joan of Arc's role in the 1428 Siege of Orléans. With Malcolm Vale, Anne Curry and Matthew Bennett.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses Joan of Arc's role in the 1428 Siege of Orléans. With Malcolm Vale, Anne Curry and Matthew Bennett....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses Joan of Arc's role in the 1428 Siege of Orléans. With Malcolm Vale, Anne Curry and Matthew Bennett.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2007 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070524-0900a.mp3" length="20341929" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070524-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070524-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070524-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20341929" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2535" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Opium Wars</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses the 19th century Opium Wars between Britain and China. With Yangwen Zheng, Xun Zhou and Lars Laamann.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses the 19th century Opium Wars between Britain and China. With Yangwen Zheng, Xun Zhou and Lars Laamann....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses the 19th century Opium Wars between Britain and China. With Yangwen Zheng, Xun Zhou and Lars Laamann.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2007 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:23</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070412-0900a.mp3" length="19924343" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070412-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070412-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070412-0900a.mp3" fileSize="19924343" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2483" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Bismarck</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses the original Iron Chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck. With guests Richard Evans, Kathy Lerman and Chris Clark.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses the original Iron Chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck. With guests Richard Evans, Kathy Lerman and Chris Clark....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses the original Iron Chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck. With guests Richard Evans, Kathy Lerman and Chris Clark.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 22 Mar 2007 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070322-0900a.mp3" length="13622929" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070322-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070322-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070322-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13622929" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1695" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Genghis Khan</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. With Peter Jackson, Naomi Standen and George Lane.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. With Peter Jackson, Naomi Standen and George Lane....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. With Peter Jackson, Naomi Standen and George Lane.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Feb 2007 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070201-0900a.mp3" length="13580913" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070201-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070201-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20070201-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13580913" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1690" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Constantinople Siege and Fall</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1453 siege of Constantinople which ended the Byzantine Empire. With Judith Herrin, Roger Crowley and Colin Imber.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1453 siege of Constantinople which ended the Byzantine Empire. With Judith Herrin, Roger Crowley and Colin Imber....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1453 siege of Constantinople which ended the Byzantine Empire. With Judith Herrin, Roger Crowley and Colin Imber.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 28 Dec 2006 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:12</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061228-0900a.mp3" length="20314490" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061228-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061228-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061228-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20314490" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2532" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Peasants’ Revolt</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt, a pivotal moment in England’s history. With guests Alastair Dunn, Caroline Barron and Miri Rubin.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt, a pivotal moment in England’s history. With guests Alastair Dunn, Caroline Barron and Miri Rubin....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1381 Peasants’ Revolt, a pivotal moment in England’s history. With guests Alastair Dunn, Caroline Barron and Miri Rubin.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 16 Nov 2006 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061116-0900a.mp3" length="20348625" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061116-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061116-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061116-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20348625" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Needham Question</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Needham Question; why Europe, not China made modern technology. With Chris Cullen, Tim Barrett and Frances Wood.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Needham Question; why Europe, not China made modern technology. With Chris Cullen, Tim Barrett and Frances Wood....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Needham Question; why Europe, not China made modern technology. With Chris Cullen, Tim Barrett and Frances Wood.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Oct 2006 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061019-0900a.mp3" length="20348770" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061019-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061019-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061019-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20348770" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Diet of Worms</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the events that helped trigger the European Reformation. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, David Bagchi and Charlotte Methuen.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the events that helped trigger the European Reformation. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, David Bagchi and Charlotte Methuen....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the events that helped trigger the European Reformation. With Diarmaid MacCulloch, David Bagchi and Charlotte Methuen.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061012-0900a.mp3" length="20302699" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061012-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061012-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20061012-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20302699" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2530" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Astronomy and Empire</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the relationship between astronomy and British Imperial expansion. With Simon Schaffer, Allan Chapman and Kristen Lippincott.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the relationship between astronomy and British Imperial expansion. With Simon Schaffer, Allan Chapman and Kristen Lippincott....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the relationship between astronomy and British Imperial expansion. With Simon Schaffer, Allan Chapman and Kristen Lippincott.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 04 May 2006 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060504-0900a.mp3" length="20324118" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060504-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060504-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060504-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20324118" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2533" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Great Exhibition of 1851</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the exhibition that showcased Victorian Britain's industrial might. With Jeremy Black, Hermione Hobhouse and Clive Emsley.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the exhibition that showcased Victorian Britain's industrial might. With Jeremy Black, Hermione Hobhouse and Clive Emsley....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the exhibition that showcased Victorian Britain's industrial might. With Jeremy Black, Hermione Hobhouse and Clive Emsley.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 27 Apr 2006 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060427-0900a.mp3" length="20278995" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060427-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060427-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060427-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20278995" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2527" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Carolingian Renaissance</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Emperor Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance. Guests include Julia Smith, Matthew Innes and Mary Garrison.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Emperor Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance. Guests include Julia Smith, Matthew Innes and Mary Garrison....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Emperor Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance. Guests include Julia Smith, Matthew Innes and Mary Garrison.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Mar 2006 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:00</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060330-0900a.mp3" length="20219439" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060330-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060330-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060330-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20219439" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2520" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Catherine the Great</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Empress who transformed and modernized Russia. With Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Tony Lentin.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Empress who transformed and modernized Russia. With Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Tony Lentin....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Empress who transformed and modernized Russia. With Simon Dixon, Janet Hartley and Tony Lentin.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2006 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060223-0900a.mp3" length="13573000" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060223-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060223-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060223-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13573000" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1689" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Abbasid Caliphs</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Abbasid Caliphs, rulers of the Islamic world for 200 years. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Amira Bennison and Robert Irwin.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Abbasid Caliphs, rulers of the Islamic world for 200 years. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Amira Bennison and Robert Irwin....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Abbasid Caliphs, rulers of the Islamic world for 200 years. With guests Hugh Kennedy, Amira Bennison and Robert Irwin.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2006 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:03</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060202-0900b.mp3" length="20243068" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060202-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060202-0900b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20060202-0900b.mp3" fileSize="20243068" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2523" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Peterloo Massacre</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1819 Peterloo Massacre and the brutality of the British state. With Jeremy Black, Clive Emsley and Sarah Richardson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1819 Peterloo Massacre and the brutality of the British state. With Jeremy Black, Clive Emsley and Sarah Richardson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the 1819 Peterloo Massacre and the brutality of the British state. With Jeremy Black, Clive Emsley and Sarah Richardson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2005 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051215-0900a.mp3" length="13582647" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051215-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051215-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051215-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13582647" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1690" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Greyfriars and Blackfriars</title><description>Melvyn Bragg looks at the religious orders of the Dominicans and the Franciscans. With Anthony Kenny, Alexander Murray and Henrietta Leyser.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg looks at the religious orders of the Dominicans and the Franciscans. With Anthony Kenny, Alexander Murray and Henrietta Leyser....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg looks at the religious orders of the Dominicans and the Franciscans. With Anthony Kenny, Alexander Murray and Henrietta Leyser.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2005 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051110-0900a.mp3" length="20277710" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051110-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051110-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051110-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20277710" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2527" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Field of the Cloth of Gold</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and Tudor conspicuous consumption. With John Guy, Penny Roberts and Steven Gunn.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and Tudor conspicuous consumption. With John Guy, Penny Roberts and Steven Gunn....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and Tudor conspicuous consumption. With John Guy, Penny Roberts and Steven Gunn.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 06 Oct 2005 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:17</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051006-0900a.mp3" length="20353558" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051006-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051006-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20051006-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20353558" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2537" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The French Revolution's Reign of Terror</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of terror during the French Revolution. With guests Mike Broers, Rebecca Spang and Tim Blanning.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of terror during the French Revolution. With guests Mike Broers, Rebecca Spang and Tim Blanning....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the reign of terror during the French Revolution. With guests Mike Broers, Rebecca Spang and Tim Blanning.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2005 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:55</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050526-0900a.mp3" length="20184611" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050526-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050526-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050526-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20184611" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2515" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Archaeology and Imperialism</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the link between archaeology and imperialism. Guests include Eleanor Robson, Tim Champion and Richard Parkinson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the link between archaeology and imperialism. Guests include Eleanor Robson, Tim Champion and Richard Parkinson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the link between archaeology and imperialism. Guests include Eleanor Robson, Tim Champion and Richard Parkinson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2005 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050414-0900a.mp3" length="13665256" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050414-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050414-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050414-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13665256" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1701" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Alfred and the Battle of Edington</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines King Alfred and the defeat of the Vikings at Battle of Edington. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and John Hines.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines King Alfred and the defeat of the Vikings at Battle of Edington. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and John Hines....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines King Alfred and the defeat of the Vikings at Battle of Edington. With guests Richard Gameson, Sarah Foot and John Hines.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 07 Apr 2005 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050407-0900a.mp3" length="20297882" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050407-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050407-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050407-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20297882" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2530" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Tsar Alexander II's Assassination</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Guests include Orlando Figes, Catriona Kelly and Dominic Lievin.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Guests include Orlando Figes, Catriona Kelly and Dominic Lievin....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Guests include Orlando Figes, Catriona Kelly and Dominic Lievin.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 06 Jan 2005 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:58</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050106-0900a.mp3" length="20202060" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050106-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050106-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20050106-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20202060" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2518" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Roman Republic</title><description>The rise and eventual downfall of the Roman Republic which survived for 500 years. With Greg Woolf, Catherine Steele and Tom Holland.</description><itunes:subtitle>The rise and eventual downfall of the Roman Republic which survived for 500 years. With Greg Woolf, Catherine Steele and Tom Holland....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The rise and eventual downfall of the Roman Republic which survived for 500 years. With Greg Woolf, Catherine Steele and Tom Holland.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 2004 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041230-0900a.mp3" length="20340031" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041230-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041230-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041230-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20340031" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2535" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Machiavelli and the Italian City States</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli. With Quentin Skinner, Lisa Jardine and Evelyn Welch .</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli. With Quentin Skinner, Lisa Jardine and Evelyn Welch ....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli. With Quentin Skinner, Lisa Jardine and Evelyn Welch .</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2004 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041209-0900a.mp3" length="20266847" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041209-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041209-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20041209-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20266847" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Agincourt</title><description>The history and legacy of the English army's defeat of the French at Agincourt in 1415. With guests Anne Curry, Michael Jones and John Watts.</description><itunes:subtitle>The history and legacy of the English army's defeat of the French at Agincourt in 1415. With guests Anne Curry, Michael Jones and John Watts....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The history and legacy of the English army's defeat of the French at Agincourt in 1415. With guests Anne Curry, Michael Jones and John Watts.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 2004 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040916-0900a.mp3" length="20307458" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040916-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040916-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040916-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20307458" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2531" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Washington and the American Revolution</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the first President of the US and what drove him to revolution. With guests Carol Berkin, Simon Middleton and Colin Bonwick.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the first President of the US and what drove him to revolution. With guests Carol Berkin, Simon Middleton and Colin Bonwick....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the first President of the US and what drove him to revolution. With guests Carol Berkin, Simon Middleton and Colin Bonwick.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 24 Jun 2004 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040624-0900a.mp3" length="13651845" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040624-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040624-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040624-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13651845" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1699" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Babylon</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the truth behind the empire of Babylon. Guests include Andrew George,Eleanor Robson and Irving Finkle.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the truth behind the empire of Babylon. Guests include Andrew George,Eleanor Robson and Irving Finkle....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the truth behind the empire of Babylon. Guests include Andrew George,Eleanor Robson and Irving Finkle.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 2004 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040603-0900a.mp3" length="13672542" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040603-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040603-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040603-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13672542" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1701" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Tea</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss tea, the first truly global commodity. Guests include Amanda Vickery, Huw Bowen and Jim Walvin.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss tea, the first truly global commodity. Guests include Amanda Vickery, Huw Bowen and Jim Walvin....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss tea, the first truly global commodity. Guests include Amanda Vickery, Huw Bowen and Jim Walvin.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2004 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040429-0900a.mp3" length="13608173" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040429-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040429-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040429-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13608173" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1693" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: China's Warring States Period</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the astonishing productivity of the Chinese Golden Age. With Carole Michaelson, Chris Cullen and Vivienne Lo.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the astonishing productivity of the Chinese Golden Age. With Carole Michaelson, Chris Cullen and Vivienne Lo....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the astonishing productivity of the Chinese Golden Age. With Carole Michaelson, Chris Cullen and Vivienne Lo.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2004 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:08</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040401-0900a.mp3" length="20287003" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040401-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040401-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040401-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20287003" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2528" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Mughal Empire</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine how much the British Raj owed to the Mughal Emperors. Guests include Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Chandrika Kaul and Susan Stronge.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine how much the British Raj owed to the Mughal Emperors. Guests include Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Chandrika Kaul and Susan Stronge....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests examine how much the British Raj owed to the Mughal Emperors. Guests include Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Chandrika Kaul and Susan Stronge.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2004 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:46</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040225-0900a.mp3" length="13387134" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040225-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040225-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040225-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13387134" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1666" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Thermopylae</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Battle of Thermopylae, a defining clash between East and West. With Simon Goldhill, Edith Hall and Tom Holland.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Battle of Thermopylae, a defining clash between East and West. With Simon Goldhill, Edith Hall and Tom Holland....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Battle of Thermopylae, a defining clash between East and West. With Simon Goldhill, Edith Hall and Tom Holland.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2004 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:08</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040205-0900a.mp3" length="20286979" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040205-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040205-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20040205-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20286979" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2528" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Alphabet</title><description>Melvyn Bragg investigates how sounds turned into signs and signs became the alphabet. With guests Rosalind Thomas, Eleanor Robson and Alan Millard.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg investigates how sounds turned into signs and signs became the alphabet. With guests Rosalind Thomas, Eleanor Robson and Alan Millard....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg investigates how sounds turned into signs and signs became the alphabet. With guests Rosalind Thomas, Eleanor Robson and Alan Millard.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2003 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031218-0900a.mp3" length="20350971" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031218-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031218-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031218-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20350971" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the infamous St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Penny Roberts and Mark Greengrass.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the infamous St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Penny Roberts and Mark Greengrass....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the infamous St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572. Guests include Diarmaid MacCulloch, Penny Roberts and Mark Greengrass.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 27 Nov 2003 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031127-0900a.mp3" length="13609100" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031127-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031127-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031127-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13609100" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1693" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Schism</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines events surrounding the medieval division of the Christian Church. With Henrietta Leyser, Norman Housley and Jonathan Sheppard.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines events surrounding the medieval division of the Christian Church. With Henrietta Leyser, Norman Housley and Jonathan Sheppard....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines events surrounding the medieval division of the Christian Church. With Henrietta Leyser, Norman Housley and Jonathan Sheppard.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 16 Oct 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031016-0900a.mp3" length="13582650" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031016-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031016-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20031016-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13582650" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1690" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The East India Company</title><description>The history of the private trading company that helped forge the British Empire. With guests Huw Bowen, Linda Colley and Maria Misra.</description><itunes:subtitle>The history of the private trading company that helped forge the British Empire. With guests Huw Bowen, Linda Colley and Maria Misra....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The history of the private trading company that helped forge the British Empire. With guests Huw Bowen, Linda Colley and Maria Misra.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030623-0900a.mp3" length="20301611" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030623-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030623-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030623-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20301611" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2530" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Aristocracy</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins, power and eventual decline of the British aristocracy. With Rosemary Sweet, Felipe Fernandez Armesto and David Cannadine.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins, power and eventual decline of the British aristocracy. With Rosemary Sweet, Felipe Fernandez Armesto and David Cannadine....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins, power and eventual decline of the British aristocracy. With Rosemary Sweet, Felipe Fernandez Armesto and David Cannadine.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:14</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030619-0900a.mp3" length="20330218" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030619-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030619-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030619-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20330218" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2534" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Jacobite Rebellion</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the Stuart dynasty's final attempt to reclaim the throne of England. With guests Alan Macinnes, Murray Pittock and Stana Nenadic.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the Stuart dynasty's final attempt to reclaim the throne of England. With guests Alan Macinnes, Murray Pittock and Stana Nenadic....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the Stuart dynasty's final attempt to reclaim the throne of England. With guests Alan Macinnes, Murray Pittock and Stana Nenadic.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030508-0900a.mp3" length="20352242" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030508-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030508-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030508-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20352242" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2536" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Roman Britain</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 400 year history of the Romans in Britain. With Catherine Edwards, Greg Woolf and Mary Beard.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 400 year history of the Romans in Britain. With Catherine Edwards, Greg Woolf and Mary Beard....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the 400 year history of the Romans in Britain. With Catherine Edwards, Greg Woolf and Mary Beard.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:27</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030501-0900a.mp3" length="13713197" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030501-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030501-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030501-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13713197" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1707" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Spanish Civil War</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the causes, events and repercussions of the Spanish Civil War. With Paul Preston, Mary Vincent and Helen Graham.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the causes, events and repercussions of the Spanish Civil War. With Paul Preston, Mary Vincent and Helen Graham....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the causes, events and repercussions of the Spanish Civil War. With Paul Preston, Mary Vincent and Helen Graham.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 03 Apr 2003 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030403-0900a.mp3" length="19811784" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030403-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030403-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030403-0900a.mp3" fileSize="19811784" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2469" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Aztecs</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the creation, power and legacy of the Aztec Empire. With Alan Knight, Adrian Locke and Elizabeth Graham.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the creation, power and legacy of the Aztec Empire. With Alan Knight, Adrian Locke and Elizabeth Graham....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the creation, power and legacy of the Aztec Empire. With Alan Knight, Adrian Locke and Elizabeth Graham.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 2003 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:19</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030227-0900a.mp3" length="20375245" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030227-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030227-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20030227-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20375245" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2539" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Enlightenment in Scotland</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the emergence and impact of the Scottish Enlightenment. With guests Alexander Broadie, Karen O’Brien and Tom Devine.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the emergence and impact of the Scottish Enlightenment. With guests Alexander Broadie, Karen O’Brien and Tom Devine....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the emergence and impact of the Scottish Enlightenment. With guests Alexander Broadie, Karen O’Brien and Tom Devine.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Dec 2002 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:56</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021205-0900a.mp3" length="13468255" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021205-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021205-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021205-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13468255" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1676" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Architecture and Power</title><description>Melvyn Bragg explores the ideas architecture expresses about our past and identity. With guests Adrian Tinniswood, Gillian Darley and Gavin Stamp.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg explores the ideas architecture expresses about our past and identity. With guests Adrian Tinniswood, Gillian Darley and Gavin Stamp....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg explores the ideas architecture expresses about our past and identity. With guests Adrian Tinniswood, Gillian Darley and Gavin Stamp.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2002 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021031-0900a.mp3" length="20305209" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021031-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021031-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021031-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20305209" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2531" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Slavery and Empire</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss slavery and empire; two themes that run right through this country’s history. With Linda Colley, Catherine Hall and Felipe Fernandez Armesto.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss slavery and empire; two themes that run right through this country’s history. With Linda Colley, Catherine Hall and Felipe Fernandez Armesto....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss slavery and empire; two themes that run right through this country’s history. With Linda Colley, Catherine Hall and Felipe Fernandez Armesto.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 2002 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021017-0900a.mp3" length="13604647" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021017-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021017-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20021017-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13604647" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1693" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Heritage</title><description>Melvyn Bragg explores the relationship between heritage culture and the study of history. Guests include David Cannadine, Miri Rubin and Peter Mandler.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg explores the relationship between heritage culture and the study of history. Guests include David Cannadine, Miri Rubin and Peter Mandler....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg explores the relationship between heritage culture and the study of history. Guests include David Cannadine, Miri Rubin and Peter Mandler.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2002 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>41:45</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020718-0900a.mp3" length="20098838" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020718-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020718-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020718-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20098838" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2505" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Psychoanalysis and Democracy</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the impact of politics on psychoanalysis. With Adam Phillips, Sally Alexander and Malcolm Bowie.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the impact of politics on psychoanalysis. With Adam Phillips, Sally Alexander and Malcolm Bowie....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the impact of politics on psychoanalysis. With Adam Phillips, Sally Alexander and Malcolm Bowie.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2002 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:40</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020711-0900a.mp3" length="13819683" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020711-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020711-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020711-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13819683" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1720" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The American West</title><description>Melvyn Bragg explores the myths and harsh reality of the 19th century American pioneers. With guests Frank McLynn, Christopher Frayling and Jenni Calder.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg explores the myths and harsh reality of the 19th century American pioneers. With guests Frank McLynn, Christopher Frayling and Jenni Calder....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg explores the myths and harsh reality of the 19th century American pioneers. With guests Frank McLynn, Christopher Frayling and Jenni Calder.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 13 Jun 2002 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:57</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020613-0900a.mp3" length="13473112" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020613-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020613-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020613-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13473112" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1677" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Bohemia</title><description>The history of the ancient kingdom and its religious, national and ethnic ideologies. With Norman Davies, Robert Pynsent and Karin Friedrich.</description><itunes:subtitle>The history of the ancient kingdom and its religious, national and ethnic ideologies. With Norman Davies, Robert Pynsent and Karin Friedrich....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The history of the ancient kingdom and its religious, national and ethnic ideologies. With Norman Davies, Robert Pynsent and Karin Friedrich.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2002 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020411-0900a.mp3" length="13665800" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020411-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020411-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020411-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13665800" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1701" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Celts</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines what we really know about the Celts of pre-Roman Britain. With Barry Cunliffe, Alisdair Moffat and Miranda Aldhouse-Green.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines what we really know about the Celts of pre-Roman Britain. With Barry Cunliffe, Alisdair Moffat and Miranda Aldhouse-Green....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines what we really know about the Celts of pre-Roman Britain. With Barry Cunliffe, Alisdair Moffat and Miranda Aldhouse-Green.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2002 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020221-0900a.mp3" length="20392866" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020221-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020221-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20020221-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20392866" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2541" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Rome and European Civilization</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests assess the role that Rome has played in European civilization. Guests include Mary Beard, Catherine Edwards and Greg Woolf.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests assess the role that Rome has played in European civilization. Guests include Mary Beard, Catherine Edwards and Greg Woolf....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests assess the role that Rome has played in European civilization. Guests include Mary Beard, Catherine Edwards and Greg Woolf.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:12</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011220-0900a.mp3" length="13595830" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011220-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011220-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011220-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13595830" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1692" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Third Crusade</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the highs and lows of the Third Crusade. Guests include Jonathan Riley Smith, Carole Hillenbrand and Tariq Ali.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the highs and lows of the Third Crusade. Guests include Jonathan Riley Smith, Carole Hillenbrand and Tariq Ali....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the highs and lows of the Third Crusade. Guests include Jonathan Riley Smith, Carole Hillenbrand and Tariq Ali.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:03</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011129-0900a.mp3" length="13527260" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011129-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011129-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011129-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13527260" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1683" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The British Empire</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ethos and legacy of the British Empire. With Peter Cains, Catherine Hall and Maria Misra.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ethos and legacy of the British Empire. With Peter Cains, Catherine Hall and Maria Misra....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ethos and legacy of the British Empire. With Peter Cains, Catherine Hall and Maria Misra.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 08 Nov 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:16</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011108-0900a.mp3" length="13629287" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011108-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011108-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011108-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13629287" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1696" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Napoleon and Wellington</title><description>The comparative histories of two titans of 19th century history. Including guests Mike Broers, Andrew Roberts and Belinda Beaton.</description><itunes:subtitle>The comparative histories of two titans of 19th century history. Including guests Mike Broers, Andrew Roberts and Belinda Beaton....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The comparative histories of two titans of 19th century history. Including guests Mike Broers, Andrew Roberts and Belinda Beaton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011025-0900a.mp3" length="13617494" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011025-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011025-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011025-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13617494" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1695" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Democracy</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins of the most cherished form of government in the world. With guests Melissa Lane, Tim Winter and David Wooton.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins of the most cherished form of government in the world. With guests Melissa Lane, Tim Winter and David Wooton....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the origins of the most cherished form of government in the world. With guests Melissa Lane, Tim Winter and David Wooton.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 Oct 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:14</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011018-0900b.mp3" length="13613664" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011018-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011018-0900b.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20011018-0900b.mp3" fileSize="13613664" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1694" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Byzantium</title><description>The culture, history and legacy of the eastern Byzantine Empire. With John Julius Norwich, Charlotte Roueché and Liz James.</description><itunes:subtitle>The culture, history and legacy of the eastern Byzantine Empire. With John Julius Norwich, Charlotte Roueché and Liz James....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The culture, history and legacy of the eastern Byzantine Empire. With John Julius Norwich, Charlotte Roueché and Liz James.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010719-0900a.mp3" length="20268862" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010719-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010719-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010719-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20268862" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2526" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The French Revolution's Legacy</title><description>The impact and legacy of the French Revolution on European culture and politics. With Stephan Collini, Andrew Roberts and Anne Janowitz.</description><itunes:subtitle>The impact and legacy of the French Revolution on European culture and politics. With Stephan Collini, Andrew Roberts and Anne Janowitz....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The impact and legacy of the French Revolution on European culture and politics. With Stephan Collini, Andrew Roberts and Anne Janowitz.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010614-0900a.mp3" length="13605706" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010614-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010614-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010614-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13605706" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1693" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Glorious Revolution</title><description>Melvyn Bragg considers whether the events of 1688 were really glorious or revolutionary. Including guests Rosemary Sweet, John Spur and Scott Mandelbrote.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg considers whether the events of 1688 were really glorious or revolutionary. Including guests Rosemary Sweet, John Spur and Scott Mandelbrote....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg considers whether the events of 1688 were really glorious or revolutionary. Including guests Rosemary Sweet, John Spur and Scott Mandelbrote.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 19 Apr 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:05</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010419-0900a.mp3" length="20261133" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010419-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010419-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010419-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20261133" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2525" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Roman Empire's Collapse in the 5th century</title><description>The causes and events of the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. With guests Richard Alaston, Charlotte Roueché and David Womersely.</description><itunes:subtitle>The causes and events of the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. With guests Richard Alaston, Charlotte Roueché and David Womersely....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The causes and events of the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. With guests Richard Alaston, Charlotte Roueché and David Womersely.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2001 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010405-0900a.mp3" length="13586482" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010405-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010405-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010405-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13586482" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1691" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Money</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines whether economic factors really are behind all historical events. With Niall Ferguson, Richard Evans and Jane Humphries.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines whether economic factors really are behind all historical events. With Niall Ferguson, Richard Evans and Jane Humphries....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines whether economic factors really are behind all historical events. With Niall Ferguson, Richard Evans and Jane Humphries.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010301-0900a.mp3" length="13624846" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010301-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010301-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010301-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13624846" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1695" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Restoration</title><description>Melvyn Bragg looks at the reign of Charles II and the consequences of the Restoration. With Richard Ollard, Mark Goldie and Clare Jackson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg looks at the reign of Charles II and the consequences of the Restoration. With Richard Ollard, Mark Goldie and Clare Jackson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg looks at the reign of Charles II and the consequences of the Restoration. With Richard Ollard, Mark Goldie and Clare Jackson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:07</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010215-0900a.mp3" length="13554198" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010215-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010215-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010215-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13554198" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1687" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Enlightenment in Britain</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the role of British thinkers in the 18th century Enlightenment. With Linda Colley, Roy Porter and Jeremy Black.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the role of British thinkers in the 18th century Enlightenment. With Linda Colley, Roy Porter and Jeremy Black....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the role of British thinkers in the 18th century Enlightenment. With Linda Colley, Roy Porter and Jeremy Black.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 Jan 2001 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:11</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010118-0900a.mp3" length="20312273" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010118-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010118-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20010118-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20312273" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2531" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Tudor State</title><description>Melvyn Bragg looks at the re-shaping of England as a modern state by the Tudor dynasty. With John Guy, Christopher Haigh and Christine Carpenter.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg looks at the re-shaping of England as a modern state by the Tudor dynasty. With John Guy, Christopher Haigh and Christine Carpenter....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg looks at the re-shaping of England as a modern state by the Tudor dynasty. With John Guy, Christopher Haigh and Christine Carpenter.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 26 Oct 2000 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:12</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001026-0900a.mp3" length="20320117" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001026-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001026-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001026-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20320117" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2532" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Hitler in History</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany though historiographical theories. With guests Ian Kershaw, Niall Ferguson and Mary Fulbrook.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany though historiographical theories. With guests Ian Kershaw, Niall Ferguson and Mary Fulbrook....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany though historiographical theories. With guests Ian Kershaw, Niall Ferguson and Mary Fulbrook.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 05 Oct 2000 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>42:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001005-0900a.mp3" length="20385549" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001005-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001005-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20001005-0900a.mp3" fileSize="20385549" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="2541" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Wars of the Roses</title><description>The 15th century wars of the royal Houses of Lancaster and York. With guests Helen Castor, Colin Richmond and Steven Gunn.</description><itunes:subtitle>The 15th century wars of the royal Houses of Lancaster and York. With guests Helen Castor, Colin Richmond and Steven Gunn....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>The 15th century wars of the royal Houses of Lancaster and York. With guests Helen Castor, Colin Richmond and Steven Gunn.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 18 May 2000 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:21</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000518-0900a.mp3" length="13669312" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000518-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000518-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000518-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13669312" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1701" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: New Wars</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we are in a new era in the history of modern warfare. With guests Michael Howard, Michael Rose and Mary Kaldor.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we are in a new era in the history of modern warfare. With guests Michael Howard, Michael Rose and Mary Kaldor....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we are in a new era in the history of modern warfare. With guests Michael Howard, Michael Rose and Mary Kaldor.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 13 Apr 2000 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:55</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000413-0900a.mp3" length="13463559" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000413-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000413-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000413-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13463559" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1675" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: History and Understanding the Past</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we can ever predict the future by understanding the past. With Eric Hobsbawm and Richard Evans.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we can ever predict the future by understanding the past. With Eric Hobsbawm and Richard Evans....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines whether we can ever predict the future by understanding the past. With Eric Hobsbawm and Richard Evans.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 30 Mar 2000 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:14</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000330-0900a.mp3" length="13614581" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000330-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000330-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000330-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13614581" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1694" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Lenin</title><description>Melvyn Bragg investigates what drove the Soviet leader Lenin, and enabled his successes. With Robert Service and Vitali Vitaliev.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg investigates what drove the Soviet leader Lenin, and enabled his successes. With Robert Service and Vitali Vitaliev....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg investigates what drove the Soviet leader Lenin, and enabled his successes. With Robert Service and Vitali Vitaliev.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 16 Mar 2000 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:08</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000316-0900a.mp3" length="13565090" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000316-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000316-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000316-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13565090" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1688" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Republicanism</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines how English republicanism has developed from Cromwell to today. With Andrew Roberts and Sarah Barber.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines how English republicanism has developed from Cromwell to today. With Andrew Roberts and Sarah Barber....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines how English republicanism has developed from Cromwell to today. With Andrew Roberts and Sarah Barber.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 03 Feb 2000 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:18</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000203-0900a.mp3" length="13646311" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000203-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000203-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_20000203-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13646311" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1698" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Childhood</title><description>Melvyn Bragg looks at how perceptions of childhood have changed over the last 100 years. With Theodore Zeldin and Christina Hardiment.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg looks at how perceptions of childhood have changed over the last 100 years. With Theodore Zeldin and Christina Hardiment....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg looks at how perceptions of childhood have changed over the last 100 years. With Theodore Zeldin and Christina Hardiment.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 1999 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:06</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991209-0900a.mp3" length="13550610" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991209-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991209-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991209-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13550610" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1686" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Education</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and the modern purpose of education.  With Ted Wragg and Mary Warnock.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and the modern purpose of education. With Ted Wragg and Mary Warnock....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and the modern purpose of education.  With Ted Wragg and Mary Warnock.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 1999 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:15</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991104-0900a.mp3" length="13621884" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991104-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991104-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991104-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13621884" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1695" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Atrocity in the 20th Century</title><description>Melvyn Bragg examines the widespread and chilling inhumanity of the 20th century with Jonathan Glover and Gwen Adshead.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg examines the widespread and chilling inhumanity of the 20th century with Jonathan Glover and Gwen Adshead....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg examines the widespread and chilling inhumanity of the 20th century with Jonathan Glover and Gwen Adshead.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Sat, 23 Oct 1999 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:01</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991023-0900a.mp3" length="13506402" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991023-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991023-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991023-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13506402" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1681" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Nation State</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss whether it is appropriate to think of the UK as a nation. With Norman Davies and Andrew Marr.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss whether it is appropriate to think of the UK as a nation. With Norman Davies and Andrew Marr....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss whether it is appropriate to think of the UK as a nation. With Norman Davies and Andrew Marr.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 14 Oct 1999 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:10</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991014-0900a.mp3" length="13579033" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991014-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991014-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19991014-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13579033" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1690" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Africa</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the roots of Africa's current political and social crises. With Henry Louis Gates Jr and Anthony Sampson.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the roots of Africa's current political and social crises. With Henry Louis Gates Jr and Anthony Sampson....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the roots of Africa's current political and social crises. With Henry Louis Gates Jr and Anthony Sampson.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 08 Jul 1999 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:20</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990708-0900a.mp3" length="13659088" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990708-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990708-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990708-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13659088" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1700" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The Great Disruption</title><description>Melvyn Bragg and guests look at the 20th century shift from industrial to information society. With Francis Fukuyama and Amos Oz.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg and guests look at the 20th century shift from industrial to information society. With Francis Fukuyama and Amos Oz....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg and guests look at the 20th century shift from industrial to information society. With Francis Fukuyama and Amos Oz.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 17 Jun 1999 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:09</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990617-0900a.mp3" length="13571725" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990617-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990617-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990617-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13571725" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1689" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: History as Science</title><description>Melvyn Bragg considers the importance of geography and ecology in shaping world history. With Jared Diamond and Richard Evans.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg considers the importance of geography and ecology in shaping world history. With Jared Diamond and Richard Evans....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg considers the importance of geography and ecology in shaping world history. With Jared Diamond and Richard Evans.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 1999 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:51</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990311-0900a.mp3" length="13428374" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990311-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990311-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19990311-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13428374" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1671" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: The British Empire's Legacy</title><description>Melvyn Bragg considers the impact of Britain’s colonial past on its current identity. With Catherine Hall and Linda Colley.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg considers the impact of Britain’s colonial past on its current identity. With Catherine Hall and Linda Colley....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg considers the impact of Britain’s colonial past on its current identity. With Catherine Hall and Linda Colley.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 1998 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:17</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981231-0900a.mp3" length="13636546" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981231-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981231-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981231-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13636546" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1697" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: History's relevance in the 20th century</title><description>Melvyn Bragg considers the relevance of the study of history in the 20th century, with Simon Schama and Antonia Fraser.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg considers the relevance of the study of history in the 20th century, with Simon Schama and Antonia Fraser....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg considers the relevance of the study of history in the 20th century, with Simon Schama and Antonia Fraser.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 1998 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:24</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981203-0900a.mp3" length="13695560" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981203-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981203-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981203-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13695560" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1704" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: Politics in the 20th Century</title><description>Melvyn Bragg discusses politics and morality with Gore Vidal and Alan Clarke.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg discusses politics and morality with Gore Vidal and Alan Clarke....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg discusses politics and morality with Gore Vidal and Alan Clarke.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 1998 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>28:13</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981022-0900a.mp3" length="13608377" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981022-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981022-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981022-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13608377" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1693" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item><item><title>IOTH: War in the 20th Century</title><description>Melvyn Bragg explores ideas that have influenced 20th century human rights and warfare. With Michael Howard and Michael Ignatieff.</description><itunes:subtitle>Melvyn Bragg explores ideas that have influenced 20th century human rights and warfare. With Michael Howard and Michael Ignatieff....</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary>Melvyn Bragg explores ideas that have influenced 20th century human rights and warfare. With Michael Howard and Michael Ignatieff.</itunes:summary><pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 1998 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><itunes:duration>27:49</itunes:duration><enclosure url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981015-0900a.mp3" length="13414901" type="audio/mpeg" /><guid isPermaLink="false">http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981015-0900.mp3</guid><link>http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981015-0900a.mp3</link><media:content url="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/ioth/ioth_19981015-0900a.mp3" fileSize="13414901" type="audio/mpeg" medium="audio" expression="full" duration="1669" /><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author></item></channel></rss>
